Ju, Xiangyang and Ayoub, Ashraf and Morley, Stephen (2025) Quantitative assessment of facial paralysis using dynamic 3D photogrammetry and deep learning: a hybrid approach integrating expert consensus. Sensors, 25 (11): 3264. ISSN 1424-8220

Abstract

The subjective assessment of facial paralysis relies on the expertise of clinicians; the main limitation is intra-observer and inter-observer reproducibility. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning approach combining point clouds of facial movements with expert consensus to objectively quantify the severity of facial paralysis. A dynamic 3D photogrammetry imaging system was used to capture the facial movements of five facial expressions. Point clouds of the face at rest and at maximum expressions were extracted. These were integrated with the experts grading of the severity of facial paralysis to train a PointNet network to quantify the severity of facial paralysis. The results showed an accuracy exceeding 95% for assessing facial paralysis.

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Ju, X.
Author

Ju, Xiangyang and Ayoub, Ashraf and Morley, Stephen (2025) Quantitative assessment of facial paralysis using dynamic 3D photogrammetry and deep learning: a hybrid approach integrating expert consensus. Sensors, 25 (11): 3264. ISSN 1424-8220

Al-baker, Bodore and Ju, Xiangyang and Mossey, Peter and Ayoub, Ashraf (2025) The accuracy of automated facial landmarking - a comparative study between Cliniface software and patch-based Convoluted Neural Network algorithm. European Journal of Orthodontics, 47 (2): cjaf009. ISSN 0141-5387

Saghafi, Hamideh and Benington, Philip and Ju, Xiangyang and Ayoub, Ashraf (2025) Is the orthodontics-first method more stable than the surgery-first approach for orthognathic correction of maxillary deficiency? Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 53 (4). pp. 312-317. ISSN 1010-5182

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Ayoub, Ashraf F.
Author

Ju, Xiangyang and Ayoub, Ashraf and Morley, Stephen (2025) Quantitative assessment of facial paralysis using dynamic 3D photogrammetry and deep learning: a hybrid approach integrating expert consensus. Sensors, 25 (11): 3264. ISSN 1424-8220

Al-baker, Bodore and Ju, Xiangyang and Mossey, Peter and Ayoub, Ashraf (2025) The accuracy of automated facial landmarking - a comparative study between Cliniface software and patch-based Convoluted Neural Network algorithm. European Journal of Orthodontics, 47 (2): cjaf009. ISSN 0141-5387

Saghafi, Hamideh and Benington, Philip and Ju, Xiangyang and Ayoub, Ashraf (2025) Is the orthodontics-first method more stable than the surgery-first approach for orthognathic correction of maxillary deficiency? Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 53 (4). pp. 312-317. ISSN 1010-5182

See full publications list
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