Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
AI Summary:
This study explores the morphological and electrochemical properties of carbon-based electrodes derived from laser-induced graphene (LIG). The LIGs were fabricated using distinct and optimized laser settings, which resulted in a sheet resistance of 25 ± 2 sq and 21 ± 1 sq for LIG A and B, respectively. The LIGs exhibited improved stability and sensitivity compared to the commercially available graphene-sheet screen-printed electrodes (GS-SPE).AI Topics:
In this study, we explored the morphological and electrochemical properties of carbon-based electrodes derived from laser-induced graphene (LIG) and compared them to commercially available graphene-sheet screen-printed electrodes (GS-SPEs). By optimizing the laser parameters (average laser power, speed, and focus) using a design of experiments response surface (DoE-RS) approach, binder-free LIG electrodes were achieved in a single-step process. Traditional trial-and-error methods can be time-consuming and may not capture the interactions between all variables effectively. To address this, we focused on linear resistance and substrate delamination to streamline the DoE-RS optimization process. Two LIGs, designated LIG A and LIG B, were fabricated using distinct and optimized laser settings, which resulted in a sheet resistance of 25 ± 2 Ω/sq and 21 ± 1 Ω/sq, respectively. These LIGs, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis, exhibited a highly porous morphology with 13% pore coverage and a contact angle <50°, which significantly increased their hydrophilicity when compared to the GS-SPE. For the electrochemical studies, the oxidation of NO2 – ion by the graphene-based working electrodes was investigated, as it allowed for the direct comparison of the LIGs to the GS-SPE. These included cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulsed voltammetry studies, which revealed that LIG electrodes displayed a remarkable 500% increase in peak current during NO2 – oxidation compared to the GS-SPE. The LIGs also demonstrated improved stability and sensitivity (420 ± 30 and 570 ± 10 nAμM–1 cm–2) compared to the GS-SPE (73 ± 4 nAμM–1 cm–2) in the oxidation of NO2 – ions; however, LIG B was more susceptible to ionic interference than LIG A. These findings highlight the value of applying statistical approaches such as DoE-RS to systematically improve the LIG fabrication process, enabling the rapid production of optimized LIGs that outperform conventional carbon-based electrodes.
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane
Author
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimising carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
See full publications listMalik, Muhammad Hassan
Author
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
See full publications listManjakkal, Libu
Author
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
See full publications listRoshanghias, Ali
Author
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimising carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
See full publications listSmith, Cindy
Author
Cholet, Fabien and Vignola, Marta and Quinn, Dominic and Ijaz, Umer Z. and Sloan, William T. and Smith, Cindy J. (2025) Microbial ecology of drinking water biofiltration based on 16S rRNA sequencing: a meta-analysis. Water Research, 281: 123684. ISSN 0043-1354
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimising carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
See full publications listGauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline
Author
Comadran-Casas, Carla and Unluer, Cise and Bass, Adrian M. and Macdonald, John and Khaksar Najafi, Elmira and Spruzeniece, Liene and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2025) Bioremediation of multiple heavy metals through biostimulation of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation at varying calcium-to-urea concentrations. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 491: 137691. ISSN 0304-3894
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimising carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
Fantinelli Franco, Fabiane and Malik, Muhammad Hassan and Manjakkal, Libu and Roshanghias, Ali and Smith, Cindy J. and Gauchotte-Lindsay, Caroline (2024) Optimizing carbon structures in laser-induced graphene electrodes using design of experiments for enhanced electrochemical sensing characteristics. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 16 (47). pp. 65489-65502. ISSN 1944-8244
See full publications listAvailable under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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