Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
AI Summary:
Candida auris, a critical priority group pathogen, was found to be susceptible planktonically but grew NaOCl-tolerant biofilms. Transcriptomics identified DSB upregulation of ABC transporters and iron acquisition pathways relative to planktonic cells.AI Topics:
Candida auris is an enigmatic fungal pathogen, recently elevated as a critical priority group pathogen by the World Health Organisation, linked with its ability to cause outbreaks within nosocomial care units, facilitated through environmental persistence. We investigated the susceptibility of phenotypically distinct C. auris isolates to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and evaluated the role of biofilms in surviving disinfection using a dry‐surface biofilm (DSB) model and transcriptomic profiling. Planktonic cells were tested for susceptibility to NaOCl, with biofilm formation using the 12‐day DSB model, assessed using viable counts, biomass assays and microscopy. Disinfection efficacy was assessed using clinical protocols of 500–1,000 ppm for 1–5 min. RNA sequencing was performed on untreated DSBs in comparison to planktonic cells. Isolates were found to be susceptible planktonically, but grew NaOCl‐tolerant biofilms, with only 2–4 log10 reductions in viable cells observed at highest concentrations. Transcriptomics identified DSB upregulation of ABC transporters and iron acquisition pathways relative to planktonic cells. Our findings optimized a DSB protocol in which C. auris can mediate tolerance to NaOCl disinfection, suggesting a lifestyle through which this problematic yeast can environmentally persist. Mechanistically, it has been shown for the first time that upregulation of small‐molecule and iron transport pathways are potential facilitators of environmental survival.
Ware, Alicia
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
Johnston, William and Ware, Alicia and Kuiters, Willemijn Frederique and Delaney, Christopher and Brown, Jason Lee and Hagen, Suzanne and Corcoran, David and Cummings, Matthew and Ramage, Gordon and Kean, Ryan (2023) In vitro bacterial vaginosis biofilm community manipulation using endolysin therapy. Biofilm, 5: 100101. ISSN 2590-2075
See full publications listJohnston, William
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
Simpson, Annabel and Johnston, William and Carda-Diéguez, Miguel and Mira, Alex and Easton, Chris and Henriquez, Fiona L. and Culshaw, Shauna and Rosier, Bob T. and Burleigh, Mia (2024) Periodontal treatment causes a longitudinal increase in nitrite-producing bacteria. Molecular Oral Microbiology, 39 (6). pp. 491-506. ISSN 2041-1006
Johnston, William and Ware, Alicia and Kuiters, Willemijn Frederique and Delaney, Christopher and Brown, Jason Lee and Hagen, Suzanne and Corcoran, David and Cummings, Matthew and Ramage, Gordon and Kean, Ryan (2023) In vitro bacterial vaginosis biofilm community manipulation using endolysin therapy. Biofilm, 5: 100101. ISSN 2590-2075
See full publications listDelaney, Christopher
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
Alshehri, Muhanna and Alqahtani, Saeed and Murali, Pranitha and Delaney, Christopher and Johnston, William and Brown, Jason L. (2025) Organotypic tissue model systems for investigating host-pathogen interactions in vitro. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 28 (217): e67487. ISSN 1940-087X
Delaney, Christopher and Short, Bryn and Rajendran, Ranjith and Kean, Ryan and Burgess, Karl and Williams, Craig and Munro, Carol A. and Ramage, Gordon (2023) An integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic approach to investigate the heterogeneous Candida albicans biofilm phenotype. Biofilm, 5: 100112. ISSN 2590-2075
See full publications listButcher, Mark C.
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
See full publications listRamage, Gordon
Author
Allkja, Jontana and Bakri, Ahmed and Short, Bryn and Gilmour, Andrew and Brown, Jason L. and Bal, Abhijit M. and Newby, Kelly J.M. and Jenkins, Toby and Short, Rob D. and Williams, Craig and Ramage, Gordon (2025) Investigating the prevalence of fungi in diabetic ulcers: an under-recognised contributor to polymicrobial biofilms. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70025. ISSN 0903-4641
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
Abduljalil, Hafsa and Alshanta, Om Alkhir and Chougule, Safa and Butcher, Mark and Short, Bryn and Mclean, William and Parry, Neil and O'Keeffe, Joanne and Ramage, Gordon (2025) Lactams exhibit potent antifungal activity against monospecies and multispecies interkingdom biofilms on a novel hydrogel skin model. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (1): e13510. ISSN 0903-4641
See full publications listPrice, Lesley
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
See full publications listButcher, John
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
See full publications listKean, Ryan
Author
Ware, Alicia and Johnston, William and Delaney, Christopher and Butcher, Mark C. and Ramage, Gordon and Price, Lesley and Butcher, John and Kean, Ryan (2025) Dry surface biofilm formation by Candida auris facilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite. APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 133 (4): e70022. ISSN 0903-4641
Ramage, Gordon and Borghi, Elisa and Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia and Kean, Ryan and Williams, Craig and Lopez-Ribot, Jose (2023) Our current clinical understanding of Candida biofilms: where are we two decades on? APMIS: Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 131 (11). pp. 636-653. ISSN 0903-4641
See full publications listAvailable under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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