Astuti, Yuliana and Raymant, Meirion and Quaranta, Valeria and Clarke, Kim and Abudula, Maidinaimu and Smith, Olivia and Bellomo, Gaia and Chandran-Gorner, Vatshala and Nourse, Craig and Halloran, Christopher and Ghaneh, Paula and Palmer, Daniel and Jones, Robert P. and Campbell, Fiona and Pollard, Jeffrey W. and Morton, Jennifer P. and Mielgo, Ainhoa and Schmid, Michael C. (2024) Efferocytosis reprograms the tumor microenvironment to promote pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Nature Cancer, 5. pp. 774-790. ISSN 2662-1347

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Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly metastatic disease and macrophages support liver metastases. Efferocytosis, or engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages, is an essential process in tissue homeostasis and wound healing, but its role in metastasis is less well understood. Here, we found that the colonization of the hepatic metastatic site is accompanied by low-grade tissue injury and that efferocytosis-mediated clearance of parenchymal dead cells promotes macrophage reprogramming and liver metastasis. Mechanistically, progranulin expression in macrophages is necessary for efficient efferocytosis by controlling lysosomal acidification via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the degradation of lysosomal cargo, resulting in LXRα/RXRα-mediated macrophage conversion and upregulation of arginase 1. Pharmacological blockade of efferocytosis or macrophage-specific genetic depletion of progranulin impairs macrophage conversion, improves CD8+ T cell functions, and reduces liver metastasis. Our findings reveal how hard-wired functions of macrophages in tissue repair contribute to liver metastasis and identify potential targets for prevention of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma liver metastasis.

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