Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

Abstract

Background:
Drugs targeting angiogenesis and immunotherapy have transformed outcomes in renal cancer but may contribute to progressive kidney disease.

Methods:
We linked healthcare databases in the West of Scotland (spanning 2010–2020) to identify adults with renal cancer who received one or both classes of drugs. Over two years following initiation, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope was modelled using linear mixed-effects models. Additional renal outcomes used competing risk regression considering the competing risk of death.

Results:
Amongst 357 adults (62.5% male; median age 63.0 years, IQI 55.0–71.0), there was no significant change in eGFR (annual eGFR change +1.03 mL/min/1.73 m²/year, 95%CI −1.64 to +3.70), nor in subgroups of patients who had nephrectomy, metastatic cancer or an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² prior to systemic therapy. A ≥ 40% decline in eGFR occurred in 82 people (23.0%) within one year of starting systemic therapy and was associated with pre-existing diabetes (subhazard ratio 1.89, 95%CI 1.05–3.41).

Discussion:
Anti-angiogenic and immune therapy had no substantial impact on the average change in eGFR but people with diabetes are at higher risk of clinically significant renal events. With appropriate monitoring, more widespread use of these agents in patients with renal impairment may be warranted.

People
Elyan, Benjamin
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Tan, Beatrix and Lambourg, Emilie and McAllister, David A. and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Bell, Samira (2025) Incidence of cancer in people with CKD not requiring kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Kidney Journal, 18 (5): sfaf084. ISSN 2048-8505

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

Rankin, Stephen and Elyan, Benjamin and Jones, Robert and Venugopal, Balaji and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Petrie, Mark C. and Lang, Ninian N. (2024) Cardiovascular eligibility criteria and adverse event reporting in combined immune checkpoint and VEGF inhibitors trials. JACC: CardioOncology, 6 (2). pp. 267-279. ISSN 2666-0873

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Sullivan, Michael K.
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

See full publications list
Hedley, James
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

See full publications list
De La Mata, Nicole
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

See full publications list
Webster, Angela C.
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

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Venugopal, Balaji
Author

Rankin, Stephen and Fountain, Caitlin and Gemmell, Alastair J. and Quinn, Daire and Henderson, Alasdair and McClure, John and Small, Sandy and Venugopal, Balaji and McKay, Pamela and Slomka, Piotr J. and Colville, David and Petrie, Mark C. and Meléndez, Giselle C. and Lang, Ninian N. (2025) Arterial effects of anthracycline: structural and inflammatory assessments in non-human primates and lymphoma patients. Clinical Science, 139 (1). pp. 29-41. ISSN 0143-5221

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

Rankin, Stephen and Fountain, Caitlin and Gemmell, Alastair and Quinn, Daire and Henderson, Alasdair and McClure, John and Small, Sandy and Venugopal, Balaji and McKay, Pamela and Slomka, Piotr J. and Colville, David and Petrie, Mark C. and Meléndez, Giselle C. and Lang, Ninian N. (2024) Arterial effects of anthracycline: structural and inflammatory assessments in non-human primates and lymphoma patients using 18F-FDG positron emission tomography. bioRxiv.

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Jones, Robert
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Tan, Beatrix and Lambourg, Emilie and McAllister, David A. and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Bell, Samira (2025) Incidence of cancer in people with CKD not requiring kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Kidney Journal, 18 (5): sfaf084. ISSN 2048-8505

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

Rescigno, Pasquale and Porta, Nuria and Finneran, Laura and Riisnaes, Ruth and Figueiredo, Ines and Carreira, Suzanne and Flohr, Penny and Miranda, Susana and Bertan, Claudia and Ferreira, Ana and Crespo, Mateus and Rodrigues, Daniel Nava and Gurel, Bora and Nobes, Jenny and Crabb, Simon and Malik, Zafar and Ralph, Christy and McGovern, Ursula and Hoskin, Peter and Jones, Robert J. and Birtle, Alison and Gale, Joanna and Sankey, Peter and Jain, Suneil and McLaren, Duncan and Chadwick, Eliot and Espinasse, Aude and Hall, Emma and de Bono, Johann (2024) Capivasertib in combination with enzalutamide for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel and abiraterone: Results from the randomized phase II RE-AKT trial. European Journal of Cancer, 205: 114103. ISSN 0959-8049

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Lang, Ninian N.
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Tan, Beatrix and Lambourg, Emilie and McAllister, David A. and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Bell, Samira (2025) Incidence of cancer in people with CKD not requiring kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Kidney Journal, 18 (5): sfaf084. ISSN 2048-8505

Elbassioni, Ali Ali Mohamed and Raheem, Anmar A. and Song, Jian and Johnston, Alexander S. and Trivett, Cara and Lin, Hong and Zhang, Haobo and Bradley, Ashley and Higgins, Erin and Mooney, Leanne and Koay, Yen Chin and O'Toole, Dylan and Herzyk, Pawel and Nixon, Colin and Blyth, Karen and O'Sullivan, John F. and Lang, Ninian N. and Berry, Colin and Braun, Thomas and Schiattarella, Gabriele G. and Giacca, Mauro and McBride, Martin W. and Nicklin, Stuart A. and Cameron, Ewan R. and Loughrey, Christopher M. and MacDonald, Eilidh A. (2025) Targeting Runx1 protects against heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. bioRxiv.

Rankin, Stephen and Fountain, Caitlin and Gemmell, Alastair J. and Quinn, Daire and Henderson, Alasdair and McClure, John and Small, Sandy and Venugopal, Balaji and McKay, Pamela and Slomka, Piotr J. and Colville, David and Petrie, Mark C. and Meléndez, Giselle C. and Lang, Ninian N. (2025) Arterial effects of anthracycline: structural and inflammatory assessments in non-human primates and lymphoma patients. Clinical Science, 139 (1). pp. 29-41. ISSN 0143-5221

See full publications list
Mark, Patrick B.
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Tan, Beatrix and Lambourg, Emilie and McAllister, David A. and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Bell, Samira (2025) Incidence of cancer in people with CKD not requiring kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Kidney Journal, 18 (5): sfaf084. ISSN 2048-8505

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

Rankin, Stephen and Elyan, Benjamin and Jones, Robert and Venugopal, Balaji and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Petrie, Mark C. and Lang, Ninian N. (2024) Cardiovascular eligibility criteria and adverse event reporting in combined immune checkpoint and VEGF inhibitors trials. JACC: CardioOncology, 6 (2). pp. 267-279. ISSN 2666-0873

See full publications list
Lees, Jennifer S.
Author

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Tan, Beatrix and Lambourg, Emilie and McAllister, David A. and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Bell, Samira (2025) Incidence of cancer in people with CKD not requiring kidney replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Kidney Journal, 18 (5): sfaf084. ISSN 2048-8505

Elyan, Benjamin M.P. and Sullivan, Michael K. and Hedley, James and De La Mata, Nicole and Webster, Angela C. and Venugopal, Balaji and Jones, Rob J. and Lang, Ninian N. and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. (2024) The impact of VEGF signalling pathway inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors on kidney function over time: a single centre retrospective analysis. BJC Reports, 2: 57. ISSN 2731-9377

Rankin, Stephen and Elyan, Benjamin and Jones, Robert and Venugopal, Balaji and Mark, Patrick B. and Lees, Jennifer S. and Petrie, Mark C. and Lang, Ninian N. (2024) Cardiovascular eligibility criteria and adverse event reporting in combined immune checkpoint and VEGF inhibitors trials. JACC: CardioOncology, 6 (2). pp. 267-279. ISSN 2666-0873

See full publications list
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