Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
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C1orf106 (INAVA) Is a SMAD3-Dependent TGF-β Target Gene That Promotes Clonogenicity and Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Breast Cancer
by Lauren S. Strathearn 1,2,†,Lindsay C. Spender 1,3ORCID,Christina Schoenherr 2ORCID,Susan Mason 2,Ruaridh Edwards 1ORCID,Karen Blyth 2ORCID andGareth J. Inman 1,2,4,*ORCID
1
Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
2
Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
3
Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
4
Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
Cells 2024, 13(18), 1530; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13181530
Submission received: 23 February 2024 / Revised: 2 September 2024 / Accepted: 5 September 2024 / Published: 12 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Cell Signaling)
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Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) can have both tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressing activity in breast cancer. Elucidating the key downstream mediators of pro-tumorigenic TGF-β signalling in this context could potentially give rise to new therapeutic opportunities and/or identify biomarkers for anti-TGF-β directed therapy. Here, we identify C1orf106 (also known as innate immunity activator INAVA) as a novel TGF-β target gene which is induced in a SMAD3-dependent but SMAD2/SMAD4-independent manner in human and murine cell lines. C1orf106 expression positively correlates with tumourigenic or metastatic potential in human and murine breast cancer cell line models, respectively, and is required for enhanced migration and invasion in response to TGF-β stimulation. C1orf106 promoted self-renewal and colony formation in vitro and may promote tumour-initiating frequency in vivo. High C1orf106 mRNA expression correlates with markers of aggressiveness and poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Taken together, our findings indicate that C1orf106 may act as a tumour promoter in breast cancer.
Strathearn, Lauren S.
Author
Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
See full publications listSpender, Lindsay C.
Author
Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
See full publications listSchoenherr, Christina
Author
Singh, Shashi P. and Smyth, Danielle J. and Cunningham, Kyle T. and Mukundan, Ananya and Byeon, Chang-Hyeock and Hinck, Cynthia S. and White, Madeleine P.J. and Ciancia, Claire and Wąsowska, Natalia and Sanders, Anna and Jin, Regina and White, Ruby F. and Lilla, Sergio and Zanivan, Sara and Schoenherr, Christina and Inman, Gareth and van Dinther, Maarten and ten Dijke, Peter and Hinck, Andrew P. and Maizels, Rick M. (2025) The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding. EMBO Reports, 26 (1). pp. 218-244. ISSN 1469-221X
Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
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See full publications listMason, Susan
Author
Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
See full publications listEdwards, Ruaridh
Author
Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
See full publications listBlyth, Karen
Author
Elbassioni, Ali Ali Mohamed and Raheem, Anmar A. and Song, Jian and Johnston, Alexander S. and Trivett, Cara and Lin, Hong and Zhang, Haobo and Bradley, Ashley and Higgins, Erin and Mooney, Leanne and Koay, Yen Chin and O'Toole, Dylan and Herzyk, Pawel and Nixon, Colin and Blyth, Karen and O'Sullivan, John F. and Lang, Ninian N. and Berry, Colin and Braun, Thomas and Schiattarella, Gabriele G. and Giacca, Mauro and McBride, Martin W. and Nicklin, Stuart A. and Cameron, Ewan R. and Loughrey, Christopher M. and MacDonald, Eilidh A. (2025) Targeting Runx1 protects against heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. bioRxiv.
Strathearn, Lauren S. and Spender, Lindsay C. and Schoenherr, Christina and Mason, Susan and Edwards, Ruaridh and Blyth, Karen and Inman, Gareth (2024) C1orf106 (INAVA) is a SMAD3-dependent TGF-β target gene that promotes clonogenicity and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cells, 13 (18): 1530. ISSN 2073-4409
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See full publications listInman, Gareth
Author
White, Stephen E. and Schwartze, Tristin A. and Mukundan, Ananya and Schoenherr, Christina and Singh, Shashi P. and van Dinther, Maarten and Cunningham, Kyle T. and White, Madeleine P. J. and Campion, Tiffany and Pritchard, John and Hinck, Cynthia S. and ten Dijke, Peter and Inman, Gareth J. and Maizels, Rick M. and Hinck, Andrew P. (2025) TGM6 is a helminth secretory product that mimics TGF-β binding to TGFBR2 to antagonize signaling in fibroblasts. Nature Communications, 16 (1): 1847. ISSN 2041-1723
Singh, Shashi P. and Smyth, Danielle J. and Cunningham, Kyle T. and Mukundan, Ananya and Byeon, Chang-Hyeock and Hinck, Cynthia S. and White, Madeleine P.J. and Ciancia, Claire and Wąsowska, Natalia and Sanders, Anna and Jin, Regina and White, Ruby F. and Lilla, Sergio and Zanivan, Sara and Schoenherr, Christina and Inman, Gareth and van Dinther, Maarten and ten Dijke, Peter and Hinck, Andrew P. and Maizels, Rick M. (2025) The TGF-β mimic TGM4 achieves cell specificity through combinatorial surface co-receptor binding. EMBO Reports, 26 (1). pp. 218-244. ISSN 1469-221X
Smith, Craig D.L. and McMahon, Alex D. and Purkayastha, Mitana and Creaney, Grant and Clements, Kelten and Inman, Gareth J. and Bhatti, Lesley A. and Douglas, Catriona M. and Paterson, Claire and Conway, David I. (2024) Head and neck cancer incidence is rising but the sociodemographic profile is unchanging: a population epidemiological study (2001-2020). BJC Reports, 2: 71. ISSN 2731-9377
See full publications listAvailable under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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