Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
AI Summary:
Punctate TAK1 expression is associated with worse cancer-specific survival. TAK1 signalling may be an important pathway to investigate underlying mechanisms for recurrence in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer.AI Topics:
Background:
Transforming growth factor β-activated protein kinase-1 (TAK1) plays an important role in MAPK and NFκB pathways and has been associated with colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to determine how cytoplasmic and juxtanuclear punctate staining of TAK1 relates to immune checkpoint expression and cancer specific survival in colorectal cancer.
Methods:
Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays from primary curative colorectal cancer resected specimens. Expression levels of cytoplasmic TAK1 by QuPath digital quantification and punctate TAK1 staining was scored using a manual point scoring technique and correlated with clinicopathological features, immune checkpoint expression and cancer-specific survival. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed in specimens to determine mutational profiles and differentially expressed genes.
Results:
A cohort of 875 patients who had undergone colorectal cancer resection were assessed for TAK1 expression. Higher levels of cytoplasmic TAK1 expression correlated with elevated PD1 and PD-L1 expression (p < 0.010). High punctate TAK1 expression was more commonly identified in poorly differentiated colorectal cancers (p = 0.036), had dysregulated mutational and transcriptional profiles with decreased insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2) expression (p < 0.010), and independently predicted poor cancer-specific survival (HR 2.690, 95% CI 1.419–5.100, p = 0.002). The association of punctate TAK1 expression and recurrence remained after subgroup analysis for microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer (p = 0.028).
Discussion:
Punctate TAK1 expression is associated with worse cancer specific survival. TAK1 signalling may be an important pathway to investigate underlying mechanisms for recurrence in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer.
Galbraith, Norman J.
Author
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
Galbraith, Norman J. and McCollum, Catherine and Di Mascio, Lucia and Lowrie, Joanna and Hinckley, Matthew and Lo, Steven and Watson, Stuart and Telfer, John R.C. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul S. and Chong, Peter S. and Quinn, Martha and Steele, Colin W. (2023) Effect of differing flap reconstruction strategies in perineal closure following advanced pelvic oncological resection: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Surgery, 109 (11). pp. 3375-3382. ISSN 1743-9191
See full publications listQuinn, Jean A.
Author
Pennel, Kathryn and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Al-Badran, Sara Samir Foad and Schubert Santana, Leonor and Quinn, Jean and Nixon, Colin and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Maka, Noori and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald and Edwards, Joanne (2024) IL6 and IL6R as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules, 14 (12): 1629. ISSN 2218-273X
Shamis, Suad A.K. and Quinn, Jean and Al-Badran, Sara and McKenzie, Molly and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Lynch, Gerard and Lian, Guang-Yu and Numprasit, Warapan and Romics Jr, Laszlo and Andersen, Ditte and Mallon, Elizabeth and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) Elucidation of dysregulated pathways associated with hypoxia in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Medicine, 13 (23): e70274. ISSN 2045-7634
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listAl-Badran, Sara S.F.
Author
Pennel, Kathryn and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Al-Badran, Sara Samir Foad and Schubert Santana, Leonor and Quinn, Jean and Nixon, Colin and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Maka, Noori and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald and Edwards, Joanne (2024) IL6 and IL6R as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules, 14 (12): 1629. ISSN 2218-273X
Shamis, Suad A.K. and Quinn, Jean and Al-Badran, Sara and McKenzie, Molly and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Lynch, Gerard and Lian, Guang-Yu and Numprasit, Warapan and Romics Jr, Laszlo and Andersen, Ditte and Mallon, Elizabeth and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) Elucidation of dysregulated pathways associated with hypoxia in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Medicine, 13 (23): e70274. ISSN 2045-7634
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listPennel, Kathryn A.F.
Author
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
Pennel, Kathryn and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Al-Badran, Sara Samir Foad and Schubert Santana, Leonor and Quinn, Jean and Nixon, Colin and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Maka, Noori and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald and Edwards, Joanne (2024) IL6 and IL6R as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules, 14 (12): 1629. ISSN 2218-273X
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listHillson, Lily V.S.
Author
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
Beach, Callum and MacLean, David and Majorova, Dominika and Melemenidis, Stavros and Nambiar, Dhanya K. and Kim, Ryan K. and Valbuena, Gabriel N. and Guglietta, Silvia and Krieg, Carsten and Darvish, Damavandi Mahnaz and Suwa, Tatsuya and Easton, Alistair and Hillson, Lily V.S. and McCulloch, Ashley K. and McMahon, Ross K. and Pennel, Kathryn and Edwards, Joanne and O'Cathail, Sean M. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Domingo, Enric and Moon, Eui Jung and Jiang, Dadi and Jiang, Yanyan and Zhang, Q. and Koong, Albert C. and Woodruff, Trent M. and Graves, Edward E. and Maughan, Tim and Buczacki, Simon J.A. and Stucki, Manuel and Le, Quynh-Thu and Leedham, Simon J. and Giaccia, Amato J. and Olcina, Monica M. (2023) Improving radiotherapy in immunosuppressive microenvironments by targeting complement receptor C5aR1. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 133 (23): e168277. ISSN 0021-9738
See full publications listHatthakarnkul, Phimmada
Author
Pennel, Kathryn and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Al-Badran, Sara Samir Foad and Schubert Santana, Leonor and Quinn, Jean and Nixon, Colin and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Maka, Noori and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald and Edwards, Joanne (2024) IL6 and IL6R as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules, 14 (12): 1629. ISSN 2218-273X
Shamis, Suad A.K. and Quinn, Jean and Al-Badran, Sara and McKenzie, Molly and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Lynch, Gerard and Lian, Guang-Yu and Numprasit, Warapan and Romics Jr, Laszlo and Andersen, Ditte and Mallon, Elizabeth and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) Elucidation of dysregulated pathways associated with hypoxia in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Medicine, 13 (23): e70274. ISSN 2045-7634
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listMcKenzie, Molly
Author
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
Shamis, Suad A.K. and Quinn, Jean and Al-Badran, Sara and McKenzie, Molly and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Lynch, Gerard and Lian, Guang-Yu and Numprasit, Warapan and Romics Jr, Laszlo and Andersen, Ditte and Mallon, Elizabeth and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) Elucidation of dysregulated pathways associated with hypoxia in oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Cancer Medicine, 13 (23): e70274. ISSN 2045-7634
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listMaka, Noori
Author
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
Pennel, Kathryn and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Al-Badran, Sara Samir Foad and Schubert Santana, Leonor and Quinn, Jean and Nixon, Colin and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Maka, Noori and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald and Edwards, Joanne (2024) IL6 and IL6R as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules, 14 (12): 1629. ISSN 2218-273X
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listLoi, Lynette
Author
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listFrixou, Mikaela
Author
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
See full publications listSteele, Colin W.
Author
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Wood, Colin S. and Lian, Guang-Yu and Al-Badran, Sara and Quinn, Jean A. and Legrini, Assya and Inthagard, Jitwadee and Alexander, Peter G. and van Wyk, Hester and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Hashmi, Umar and Gillespie, Michael A. and Mills, Megan and Ammar, Aula and Hay, Jennifer and Andersen, Ditte and Nixon, Colin and Rebus, Selma and Chang, David K. and Kelly, Caroline and Harkin, Andrea and Graham, Janet and Church, David and Tomlinson, Ian and Saunders, Mark and Iveson, Tim and Lannagan, Tamsin R. M. and Jackstadt, Rene and Maka, Noori and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. D. and Sansom, Owen J. and McMillan, Donald C. and Steele, Colin W. and Jamieson, Nigel B. and Park, James H. and Roseweir, Antonia K. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) JAK/STAT3 represents a therapeutic target for colorectal cancer patients with stromal-rich tumors. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research, 43: 64. ISSN 1756-9966
Fetit, Rana and McLaren, Alistair S. and White, Mark and Mills, Megan L. and Falconer, John and Cortes-Lavaud, Xabier and Gilroy, Kathryn and Lannagan, Tamsin R.M. and Ridgway, Rachel A. and Nixon, Colin and Naiker, Varushka and Njunge, Renee and Clarke, Cassie and Whyte, Declan and Kirschner, Kristina and Jackstadt, Rene and Norman, Jim and Carlin, Leo M. and Campbell, Andrew D. and Sansom, Owen J. and Steele, Colin W. (2024) Characterising neutrophil subtypes in cancer using scRNA sequencing demonstrates the importance of IL-1β/CXCR2 axis in generation of metastasis specific neutrophils. Cancer Research Communications, 4 (2). pp. 588-606. ISSN 2767-9764
See full publications listRoxburgh, Campbell S. D.
Author
Bradley, Nicholas A. and Walter, Amy and Sankey, Chiara and Wilson, Alasdair and Siddiqui, Tamim and Roxburgh, Campbell D. and McMillan, Donald C. and Guthrie, Graeme J.K. (2025) Longitudinal association between statins and changes in CT derived body composition in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 16 (2). ISSN 2190-5991
Thompson, Joshua J. and MacLeod, Nicholas and Will, Sarah and O'Rourke, Fraser and McGovern, Josh and Roxburgh, Campbell and Edwards, Joanne and Dolan, Ross D. and McMillan, Donald C. (2025) The prognostic value of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin in patients with advanced lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 25: 543. ISSN 1471-2407
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
See full publications listHorgan, Paul S.
Author
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
Galbraith, Norman J. and Quinn, Jean A. and Al-Badran, Sara Sf and Pennel, Kathryn A.F. and Hillson, Lily V.S. and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and McKenzie, Molly and Maka, Noori and Loi, Lynette and Frixou, Mikaela and Steele, Colin W. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Horgan, Paul G. and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2024) TAK1 expression is associated with increased PD-L1 and decreased cancer-specific survival in microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Translational Oncology, 48: 102064. ISSN 1944-7124
Golder, Allan M. and Ferguson, Michael and McMillan, Paul and Mansouri, David and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell S. and Dolan, Ross D. and McGovern, Josh and McMillan, Donald (2024) CT-derived body composition and differential association with age, TNM stage and systemic inflammation in patients with colon cancer. Scientific Reports, 14: 15673. ISSN 2045-2322
See full publications listMcMillan, D.C.
Author
Bradley, Nicholas A. and Walter, Amy and Sankey, Chiara and Wilson, Alasdair and Siddiqui, Tamim and Roxburgh, Campbell D. and McMillan, Donald C. and Guthrie, Graeme J.K. (2025) Longitudinal association between statins and changes in CT derived body composition in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 16 (2). ISSN 2190-5991
Thompson, Joshua J. and MacLeod, Nicholas and Will, Sarah and O'Rourke, Fraser and McGovern, Josh and Roxburgh, Campbell and Edwards, Joanne and Dolan, Ross D. and McMillan, Donald C. (2025) The prognostic value of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin in patients with advanced lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 25: 543. ISSN 1471-2407
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
See full publications listEdwards, J.
Author
Thompson, Joshua J. and MacLeod, Nicholas and Will, Sarah and O'Rourke, Fraser and McGovern, Josh and Roxburgh, Campbell and Edwards, Joanne and Dolan, Ross D. and McMillan, Donald C. (2025) The prognostic value of a laboratory cachexia score (LCAS) defined by LDH, CRP and albumin in patients with advanced lung cancer. BMC Cancer, 25: 543. ISSN 1471-2407
Dolan, Ross D. and Pennel, Kathryn and Thompson, Joshua and McKenzie, Molly and Alexander, Peter and Richards, Colin and Black, Douglas and Abbass, Tanvir and Maka, Noori and McGovern, Josh and Roseweir, Antonia and McSorley, Stephen T. and Horgan, Paul G. and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald C. and Edwards, Joanne (2025) The relationship between tumour necrosis, systemic inflammation, body composition and survival in patients with colon cancer. BJC Reports, 3 (1): 7. ISSN 2731-9377
Pennel, Kathryn and Kurniawan, Ahmad and Al-Badran, Sara Samir Foad and Schubert Santana, Leonor and Quinn, Jean and Nixon, Colin and Hatthakarnkul, Phimmada and Maka, Noori and Roxburgh, Campbell and McMillan, Donald and Edwards, Joanne (2024) IL6 and IL6R as prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Biomolecules, 14 (12): 1629. ISSN 2218-273X
See full publications listAvailable under License Creative Commons Attribution.
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